Teachers today are faced with classrooms full of diversity. Each learner has their own unique learning style and ability. Teachers are challenged to identify the needs of their students, to be able to plan and deliver the curriculum using appropriate strategies for each individual learners needs while maintaining an inclusive classroom environment.
In order to identify students that require differentiation the teacher can review students naplan results along with previous report cards and any other student information maintained within their files to check for learning difficulties or any medical conditions such as ADHD, hearing problems, intellectual or physical impairments, etc. Another way teachers can identify where differentiation is required is to use a diagnostic tool such as a pre assessment to test what the students already know and to identify any students who will require further help or assistance throughout the unit.
In order to truly differentiate every lesson, we would be required to individually develop lesson plans for every student within the class and deliver each student with their own personal lesson all within the given space of the lesson. The difficulties this would encounter would be huge as how could one teacher possibly deliver a lesson in 25 different ways to 25 different students within the space of 40 minutes? And to do this in every lesson, every day, every week would just be impossible. The amount of work and preparation that would go into developing unique lessons for every single student for every single lesson would be too time consuming and virtually impossible to do. Also trying to teach 25 students, 25 different ways in 40 minutes would be impossible, spending 2.6minutes per student in this example to teach the required course content just couldn’t be done.
Examples of strategies for differentiation;
Many students with learning difficulties can benefit from the use of a graphic organiser. Graphic Organisers provide a framework for students by creating a visual representation of the significant information they have been taught (Singleton & Filce, 2015). The use of a graphic organiser can alleviate stress and anxiety for the student as they have information easy to understand and simply presented in a way they have found best suits themselves (Singleton & Filce, 2015). The graphic organiser also serves as a brain storming tool, to help the student activate prior knowledge and develop critical thinking tools represented in Blooms Taxonomy (Churches, 2008). Graphic organisers allow students to display messages in any way that best suits their learning ability, the information can be presented in diagrams and charts, it can show contrasts and similarities, or make inferences from information attained. Graphic Organisers also present teachers with a way of assessing students learning, by being able to check the organisers to ensure the students are understanding what they are learning (Singleton & Filce, 2015).
Strategies to assist teachers in delivering the curriculum to ESL students include; using diagrams and visual aids, using simple language, making instructions clear and simple, having classroom routines, breaking down tasks, allowing more time to complete tasks, working in small groups with peers, encourage movement between home language and mathematic language, use mathematical concepts with math language in various forms, practical application of tasks and the use of technology assistance (Wang, Many, & Krumenaker, 2008).
Gifted and talented students can be assisted through the implementation of extension activities and more challenging activities for example in the unit overview in element 2 where students complete a design brief or journal, a G&T student could create a website or blog, they could also use a higher tech program where they could write more detailed code to develop more challenging games.
References
Churches, A. (2008, April 1). Blooms Taxonomy. Retrieved 10 01, 2016, from Tech Learning: http://teachnology.pbworks.com/f/Bloom%5C’s+Taxonomy+Blooms+Digitally.pdf
Singleton, S., & Filce, H. G. (2015). Graphic Organizers for Secondary Students withLearning Disabilities. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 48(2), 110-117. Retrieved 10 01, 2016, from http://tcx.sagepub.com/content/48/2/110.full.pdf+html
Wang, Y., Many, J., & Krumenaker, L. (2008). Understanding the experiences and needs of mainstream teachers of ESL students: Reflections from a secondary social studies teacher. TESL Canada, 25(2), 66-84. Retrieved 10 01, 2016, from http://lq6tx6lb4h.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+experiences+and+needs+o